Mukund and Roger Easton - have successfully restored a 700-year-old Hindu philosophy palm-leaf manuscript with the help of modern imaging technologies. [12], The decayed Spitzer Manuscript does not survive in the form it was discovered in 1906, and portions of it were likely destroyed during the World War II. An illustrated palm-leaf manuscript of the Devī Māhātmya, a devotional text in praise of Durgā.Made in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Time and a misguided application of oil have aged the palm leaves dark brown, obscuring the Sanskrit writings. The story held a special significance for the Mewar ruling family, as the Sisodiya Rajputs counted Rāma among their direct ancestors in the Solar Dynasty. Two Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) scientists -- P.R. [9] It is unique in a number of ways. [2] It is named after Moritz Spitzer, whose team first studied it in 1927–28. Based on the success of this project, Mukund is seeking funding to image other Dvaita manuscripts in the Udupi region written since the time of Shri Madvacharya. The only books found among the Dead Sea Scrolls belong to the Old Testament which is an entirely Jewish corpus and the oldest book found among the Dead Sea Scrolls is the Book of Isaiah. The experts also stated that the Idol was one of the oldest Hindu idols in existence. Written in a variant of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, the Bakhshali manuscript is broadly recognized as the oldest Indian mathematical text, however, the exact age of the text is widely contested. That is to say, it belonged to a period called the Dwapara yuga, making it the oldest human artifact in existence. 1911 DAVID SMITH & LOUIS KARPINSKI The Hindu-Arabic Numerals. They are dated from around 12-1300 Handwritten manuscript from various provinces were acquired by National Museum. Description. The Abrol’s have set-up their own museum and manuscript library – Shashvat Art Gallery – in their house. The process, called aluminum metallization, transfers an image to a wafer by creating a negative of the image and depositing metal on the silicon surface. [7] Sections of Buddhist treatises constitute the largest part of the Spitzer Manuscript. Two Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) scientists -- P.R. [3], The Spitzer Manuscript – consisting of a collection of treatises – is not the oldest known manuscript of, According to Brockington, "the evidence of the list found in the Spitzer manuscript is thus in my view not only compatible with but also valuable evidence, albeit incomplete evidence, for the shape of the text at the earliest date for which we have any testimony. The Vedas, ancient Hindu poems, thought to be the oldest of all the Indian texts, describe Vimanas of various shapes and sizes: the "ahnihotra-vimana" with two engines, the "elephant-vimana" with more engines, and other types named after the kingfisher, ibis and other animals. The collection of manuscripts numbering 14,000 are in various … photo source: WikipediaThe Kesh Temple Hymn is one of the oldest surviving pieces of literature in the world. Unlike numerous Indian manuscripts whose copies survive as early translations in Tibet and China, no such translations of the treatises within the Spitzer Manuscript have been found so far. The results by the experts surprised everyone as it stated that the wooden box and the Idol belonged to the Dwapara Yuga. Kalpa Vigraha is the Oldest Hindu Idol of Lord Shiva (26450 BC) Around 1959-60, a heavy chest containing the idol was reportedly given to CIA officials for safekeeping at Lo Monthang (called “Mustang” in CIA files) by a Tibetan monk accompanied by Khampa bodyguards. When the English East India Company first came to India, they acknowledged the sub-continent as the bearer … The manuscript. IS.50-1983. we are not sure which). Sanskrit Purana. On December 22, 2011 the only original pandulipi (manuscript) of Ramayana dated 1648 AD were stolen. Mukund added Ajay Pasupuleti, a doctoral candidate in microsystems at RIT, and the team was formed. The antiquity of the worn-out wooden chest and the idol was mind-boggling to say the least. 700-year-old Hindu manuscript restored . The oldest Hindu image (if at that time, any kind of Hindu religion, as we know it existed ??) Of what survives, predominant portions are now at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Berlin State Library) in Germany and cataloged as SHT 810. 1912 RAO BAHADUR M RANGACHARYA The Ganita-Sara-Sangraha of Mahaviracharya. Jain manuscript cover, 19th century. Hindu scripture The Vedas. As early as the seventh century Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang took back hundreds of manuscripts from India. This manuscript was carbon dated to 47~147 CE. [3][note 1] The Spitzer Manuscript was found in 1906 in the form of a pile of more than 1,000 palm leaf fragments in the Ming-oi, Kizil Caves, China during the third Turfan expedition headed by Albert Grünwedel. DNA: London's Coronavirus is more dangerous than China's! According to the Indologist Eli Franco, t… [7][8] The calibrated age of the manuscript by Carbon-14 technique is 130 CE (80–230 CE). An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. I. Hindu Manuscript on Paper, Dated VS 1646 = AD 1589/90. Sponsored by a grant from RIT, the team returned to the monastery in June and spent six days imaging the document using a scientific digital camera and an infrared filter to enhance the contrast between the ink and the palm leaf. The cultural-linguistic records; mainly the variation in form of Sanskrit used (from present-day) point out the origin of the Rig V… Bureau Report, By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. A version of this text was translated into Chinese in 179 CE by Lokakṣema and was amongst the first few Buddhist texts translated into Chinese. Images of each palm leaf, back and front, were captured in eight to 10 sections, processed and digitally stitched together. Mukund and Pasupuleti will return to India at the end of November to give printed and electronic versions of the Sarvamoola granthas to the monastery in Udupi in a public ceremony in Bangalore. 1200 BCE, and its Samhita and Brahmanas complete before about 800 BCE. The epic known to the scribe of Spitzer Manuscript may have been in the form of a different arrangement and titles. The scientists ran the 7,900 total images through various image-processing algorithms using Adobe Photoshop and Knox's own custom software. Mukund sought the expertise of RIT colleague Easton, who imaged the Dead Sea Scrolls and is currently working on the Archimedes Palimpsest. I say this because Kashi is an old city and has utmost religious significance as a holy site. [3] According to Indologist Noriyuki Kudo, the Franco's 3rd-century estimate is a presumption based on a theory of palaeographic chronology. The processed images of the Sarvamoola granthas will be stored in a variety of media formats, including electronically, in published books and on silicon wafers for long-term preservation. 1915 GEORGE KAYE Indian Mathematics The whole text includes a little less than half of the … BJP MP decides to send divorce notice to wife after she joins TMC, Last few days for filing tax return, Income Tax department introduces this mantra, COVID-19: Russia will jointly produce Sputnik V vaccine with India, says Russian envoy. The 700 verse text in Sanskrit, dated between the 6th and 8th century CE, is also known as Durgā Saptaśatī and Caṇḍī Pāṭha and is part of the Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa. According to the Indologist Eli Franco, the palaeographical features suggest a date closer to 200–230 CE. [9] Studies by the Indologist Dieter Schlingloff on these Spitzer Manuscript fragments suggest that more ancient versions of the Mahabharata was likely expanded and interpolated in the early centuries of the common era. These two manuscripts are written in Sanskrit and were found in Rajasthan during the late 1800's. A collection of 1,028 hymns and 10,600 verses in all, organized into ten different Mandalas (or the books; Sanskrit), it is the principal and oldest of the four Vedas. idol, statue or figurine that has stood the wear and tear of time to survive until the 21st century is the small 41 gms bronze-like alloy figurine of (Shiva or Vishnu - ?? The readings indicated a period around 26,450 BCE i.e about 28,450 years old today and around 23,300 years old than the Mahabharata times. It did not belong to this “yuga” or epoch on the Hindu time scale just as the monk had claimed. The birch bark scroll is known as the Bakhshali manuscript after the village, which is now in Pakistan, where it was found buried in 1881. Oldest manuscript in HMML’s collections, a 6th-century gospel book from Meryem Ana Kilisesi, Diyarbakir, Turkey ; Peshitta Institute biblical microfilms from the Middle East (now at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam) Arthur Vööbus microfilm collection (formerly at the Lutheran School of Theology, Chicago) Rigveda is one of the oldest extant texts it is probably the world's oldest religious written text it is also believed that it is ten thousand year old and The text is a collection of 1,028 hymns and 10,600 verses originally there wher Eight books of rigveda and later two more books has been added, the Vedas contents philosophical or speculative questions about the origin of the universe and the nature of god, … The idol is over 28,000 years old. India’s manuscripts have for centuries captured the imagination of the world. Also it has been a haunt of the learned Brahmins from all over the country for millennia. In fact until quite recently literature reached its audience through performance and experience, which is how even people who do not know how to read and write are very informed about their own culture. One of the oldest manuscripts of the Quran in the world, the codex was housed in the Mosque of Amr ibn al-As in Egypt until the Napoleonic expedition of 1798, when a few folios were brought back to Paris. They include verses on a number of Buddhist philosophies and a debate on the nature of Dukkha and the Four Noble Truths. DNA: Jairam Ramesh apologizes to Vivek Doval, DNA: PM Modi at Sir Syed Ahmed's University, DNA: PM Modi's message to farmers from Rakabganj Gurudwara, DNA: Watch Non Stop News With Sudhir Chaudhary, Dec 21, 2020, Deshhit: Watch nation's top news in detail, Dec 21, 2020, West Bengal: Blood shed will take place in Bengal, if BJP gets votes, Zee Top 20: 20 big news related to winter season, New COVID-19 strain: Centre suspends all flights originating from UK to India; check details. What is the Devī Māhātmya?. Jain manuscript cover depicting the fourteen auspicious dreams of Queen Trisala, Mahavira's mother, which heralded his birth Western India 19th century Painted wood Museum no. According to him, 15 percent of the manuscript is missing. These are the most ancient religious texts which define truth for Hindus. [7] The manuscript fragments are actually copies of a collection of older Buddhist and Hindu treatises. this link, Pakistan in New Zealand, 3 T20I Series, 2020/21. The scientists traveled to India in December 2005 to assess the document stored at a monastery-like mathas in Udupi, India. Today, it is considered one of the finest pieces in the Royal Collection. So the oldest known copies of Atharvaveda and Rigveda (2 of the 4 books) are kept at the Bhandarkar Oriental Institute in Pune, Maharashtra. The body of shared knowledge was passed down from generation to generation in an oral tradition that remained unbroken for centuries, nay- millennia. [8] The text is written in the Brahmi script (Kushana period) and some early Gupta script. The single column of 7 long lines is bounded by a pair of narrow double bounding lines, which extend the full height of the extant page. Two Sanskrit words Rig and Veda constituting it translates to ‘praise or shine’ and ‘knowledge’ respectively. [11][note 2] The final portion of the Spitzer Manuscript is devoted to dialectics. 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